Turbo (gastropod)
Turbo is a genus of large sea snails with gills and an operculum, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.
Turbo is the type genus of the family.
The shells are more or less highly conspiral, thick, about 20-200 mm, first whorls bicarinate, last whorl large often with strong spiral sculpture, knobs or spines, base convex, with or without umbilicus. Species in this genus have a round aperture and a solid, dome-shaped calcareous operculum.
The first Turbo species were found in the Upper Cretaceous approx. 100 million years ago.
Taxonomy
According to Alf et al.[2] the genus Turbo is divided in 16 Recent subgenera. The number of presently known living species in Turbo is 66 plus five subspecies.
Species
Species in the genus Turbo include:[2][3][4]
- Genus Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
- Subgenus Turbo s.s.
- Subgenus Halopsephus Rehder, 1943
- Subgenus Marmarostoma Swainson, 1829
- Turbo albofasciatus Bozzetti, 1994
- Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758
- Turbo artensis Montrouzier, 1860
- Turbo aurantius Kiener, 1847-48
- Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798)
- Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791
- Turbo cepoides E. A. Smith, 1880
- Turbo cernicus G. B. Sowerby III, 1896
- Turbo chrysostoma Linnaeus, 1758
- Turbo crassus W. Wood, 1828
- Turbo debesi Kreipl & Alf, 2000
- Turbo gemmatus Reeve, 1848
- Turbo haynesi Preston, 1914
- Turbo heterocheilus Pilsbry, 1888
- Turbo histrio Reeve, 1848
- Turbo intercostalis Menke, 1846
- Turbo jonathani Dekker, Moolenbeck & Dance, 1992
- Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848
- Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839)
- Turbo marisrubri Kreipl & Alf, 2001
- Turbo moluccensis Philippi, 1846
- Turbo pulcher Reeve, 1842
- Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791
- Turbo sandwicensis (Pease, 1861)
- Turbo scitulus (Dall, 1919)
- Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791
- Turbo sparverius Gmelin, 1791
- Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843
- Turbo stenogyrus P. Fischer, 1872
- Turbo tuberculosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834
- Turbo tursicus (Reeve, 1843)
- Subgenus Lunatica Röding, 1798
- Subgenus Ninella J. E. Gray, 1850
- Turbo torquatus Gmelin, 1791
- Subgenus Subninella Thiele, 1929
- Turbo undulatus Lightfoot, 1786
- Subgenus Euninella Cotton, 1939
- Subgenus Taeniaturbo Woodring, 1928
- Subgenus Dinassovica Iredale, 1937
- Subgenus Batillus Schumacher, 1817
- Subgenus Callopoma J. E. Gray, 1850
- Subgenus Modelia J. E. Gray, 1850
- Turbo granosus (Martyn, 1784)
- Subgenus Sarmaticus J. E. Gray, 1847
- Subgenus Lunella Röding, 1798
- Turbo cinereus Born, 1778, synonym of Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)
- Turbo coronatus Gmelin, 1791
- Turbo granulatus Gmelin, 1791
- Turbo moniliformis (Röding, 1798)
- Turbo viridicallus (Jousseaume, 1898) : synonym of Lunella viridicallus (Jousseaume, 1898)
- Subgenus Carswellena Iredale, 1931
- Subgenus Chaenoturbo McLean, 1970
- Turbo mazatlanticus Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932
Other species names available in the genus Turbo:
- Turbo angelvaldesi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996
- Turbo arsinoensis
- Turbo bozzettiana Bozzetti, 2011
- Turbo chinensis Ozawa & Tomida, 1995
- Turbo fortispiralis Kreipl & Alf, 2003
- Turbo jungi Lai, 2006
- Turbo markusrufi Kreipl & Alf, 2003
- Turbo necnivosus T. Iredale : synonym of Turbo tuberculosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834
- Turbo pullus Linnaeus, 1758
- Turbo pustulatus Brocchi, 1819
- Turbo regenfussi Deshayes, 1843
- Turbo replicatus Linnaeus, 1758
- Turbo spinosus Gmelin
- Turbo ticaonicus Reeve, 1848
- Turbo walteri Kreipl & Dekker, 2009
- Turbo zetlandicus Montagu, 1815
Human uses
Turbo shells are a favorite choice of shells for Coenobita clypeatus, the Caribbean hermit crab or "purple pincher" as it is known in the pet trade.
Turbo cornutus, common name the "horned turban", is an expensive food item in Korea, and Japan, where they are known as sazae.
The attractively colored operculum of at least two different Turbo species has been used for various decorative purposes, including in jewelry and buttons. These opercula are sometimes known as "cat's eyes".
References
- Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
- ^ Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 761; 1767, ed. 12, 1232.
- ^ a b Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
- ^ WoRMS : Turbo accessed : 18 October 2010]
- ^ Turbo. ITIS. Accessed 22 November 2008.